鄱阳湖区单退圩区水土资源利用的调研

通过对鄱阳湖区单退圩垸的水土资源利用、避洪农业开展的现状及存在的主要问题进行实地调研,提出了单退圩区农业产业结构调整的建议.     

Facility layout problems: A survey

Layout problems are found in several types of manufacturing systems. Typically, layout problems are related to the location of facilities (e.g., machines, departments) in a plant. They are known to greatly impact the system performance. Most of these problems are NP hard. Numerous research works related to facility layout have been published. A few literature reviews exist, but they are not recent or are restricted to certain specific aspects of these problems. The literature analysis given here is recent and not restricted to specific considerations about layout design.

We suggest a general framework to analyze the literature and present existing works using such criteria as: the manufacturing system features, static/dynamic considerations, continual/discrete representation, problem formulation, and resolution approach. Several research directions are pointed out and discussed in our conclusion.     

Emergy account for biomass resource exploitation by agriculture in China

On the basis of Odum's ecological economic measure of emergy as embodied solar energy, a system account of biomass resource exploitation by agriculture in China 2004 is developed in this paper, which supplements a former study on corresponding long-term historical trends during 1978 to 2000 (Chen et al., 2006. Emergy-based analysis of the Chinese agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 115, 161–173). The aggregate fluxes and indicators for biomass resource exploitation in China 2004 are calculated and illustrated when compared with those for 2000 to elucidate the latest status of the Chinese agriculture as the exploitation sector for biomass resource. Data sources and algorithm are presented in detail as basic references for related analysis involving the ecological economy of biomass exploitation in agriculture.     

农业重组微生物生物安全研究进展

综述了近年来农业重组微生物的研究现状和进展 ,详细介绍农业重组微生物环境释放的监控方法以及对环境的冲击作用 ,对一些有关生物安全研究的热点问题进行了探讨     

Agricultural land-use change in Brazilian Amazônia between 1980 and 1995: Evidence from integrated satellite and census data

As cropland and pasture have replaced forest and cerrado in Brazilian Amazônia, concern has mounted over the effects of changing the biogeochemical and hydrological properties of one of the world's great storehouses of biomass and biodiversity. Although much recent effort has focused on the location, effects, and causes of deforestation and cerrado conversion, much less is known about the basin-wide spatial distribution and density of the land use following conversion for crops or pasture.In this paper, we use census and satellite records to develop maps of the distribution and abundance of major agricultural land uses across 4.5×10⁸ ha of Brazilian Amazônia in 1980 and 1995. Results indicate an overall expansion of 7.0×10⁶ ha in total agricultural area in Brazilian Amazônia between 1980 and 1995. The net change during this period is estimated for three different land-use types: croplands (an increase of 0.8×10⁶ ha), natural pastures (a decrease of 8.4×10⁶ ha), and planted pastures (an increase of 14.7×10⁶ ha). These estimates, the first spatially explicit quantifications of agricultural land-use activities in 1980 and 1995 across Brazilian Amazônia, are shown to be consistent with the results of applying a land use change and secondary regrowth model to published deforestation rates for the period.The resulting time slices, presented for each land-use category at 5-min (∼9 km) spatial resolution, allow for the quantification of land-use changes in this region for biogeochemical, demographic and economic models. Several foci of agricultural change existed within Brazilian Amazônia during this period: in the state of Pará, cropland was lost and planted pasture increased markedly; in Mato Grosso, both cropland and planted pasture increased; in Rondônia, planted pasture replacing forest was the primary route to agricultural expansion.     

D-side: A facility and workforce planning group multi-criteria decision support system for Johnson Space Center

“To understand and protect our home planet, to explore the universe and search for life, and to inspire the next generation of explorers” is NASA's mission. The Systems Management Office at Johnson Space Center (JSC) is searching for methods to effectively manage the Center's resources to meet NASA's mission. D-Side is a group multi-criteria decision support system (GMDSS) developed to support facility decisions at JSC. D-Side uses a series of sequential and structured processes to plot facilities in a three-dimensional (3-D) graph on the basis of each facility's alignment with NASA's mission and goals, the extent to which other facilities are dependent on the facility, and the dollar value of capital investments that have been postponed at the facility relative to the facility's replacement value. A similarity factor rank orders facilities based on their Euclidean distance from Ideal and Nadir points. These similarity factors are then used to allocate capital improvement resources across facilities. We also present a parallel model that can be used to support decisions concerning allocation of human resources investments across workforce units. Finally, we present results from a pilot study where 12 experienced facility managers from NASA used D-Side and the organization's current approach to rank order and allocate funds for capital improvement across 20 facilities. Users evaluated D-Side favorably in terms of ease of use, the quality of the decision-making process, decision quality, and overall value-added. Their evaluations of D-Side were significantly more favorable than their evaluations of the current approach.     

一种应用于设施农业的有源RFID系统设计

设计了一种应用于设施农业的有源RFID系统。系统选用TI公司的超低功耗芯片CC430,利用分布在设施农业大棚中的各个有源RFID系统标签节点,来监控作物生长的各种环境因素。同时,设计了上层应用软件,能有效实时的将各个标签捕获的信息存储并显示,并参照一些农作物生长模型合理提醒报警。     

Start-Up and Optimization of the Ozone Disinfection Process At the Sebago Lake Water Treatment Facility

The purpose of the ozone process at the Sebago Lake Water Treatment Facility (SLWTF) is to meet the disinfection requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule with ozone and without filtration. The start-up experience is presented including initial operating strategies to meet disinfection requirements. An ozone system performance test conducted during the first month of plant operation is described and the results are reviewed. The initial and proposed activities of an ozone optimization project are discussed.     

A model of ammonia volatilisation from a dairy farm: an examination of abatement strategies

A model (MAST) to calculate the mass flow of NH₃ through amodel dairy farm has been developed. Updated emission factors for UKagriculturewere used to examine different abatement strategies available for a typicaldairy farm. A range of annual NH₃ emissions was calculated for bothslurry and FYM based dairy systems. Emission for the slurry based system ranged between 27 kg NH₃-N ha^–1 yr^–1, achieved using a combination of abatementstrategies, and 107 kg NH₃-N ha^–1 yr^–1, calculated for a worst casescenario. For FYM, this range was between 33 and 86 kg NH₃-Nha^–1 yr^–1. The greatest reductionswereachieved by manipulating options linked to fertiliser usage and manureapplication.     

Complex patterns of phosphorus delivery in the Lake of the Woods watershed

Lake of the Woods (LoW) is a large, transboundary lake that continues to experience harmful algal blooms despite large declines in phosphorus (P) inputs from point sources. Tributary runoff is considered the largest source of P to the lake; however, there are few monitoring data within the Canadian portion of the basin (～60% of total area), to guide management. To address this gap, we monitored five rivers of contrasting land use within the lower Rainy River region, an acknowledged “hot spot” of P delivery in the basin. Total P (TP) concentrations were consistently high at all five rivers (volume-weighted range: 19–215 μg/l) despite differences in agriculture across sites (7–27%), suggesting ‘natural’ background P levels are high in this landscape. Furthermore, TP concentrations were strongly correlated with total suspended sediment and geogenic metals, iron (Fe) and aluminum, and TP was especially high during events (>400 μg/l) indicating erosion is an important source of P delivery. However, equally high TP and Fe during periods of slow, stagnant flow in the summer and under winter ice suggest erosion is not the only source of P. Instead, we suggest redox release of P from streambed sediment is also important. This observation is significant, because internal P release within the tributaries, especially during the summer could ‘seed’ downstream algal blooms. The strong sensitivity of TP to both high and low flow conditions indicates that frequent, all-season, multi-year measurements are needed to understand the mechanisms of P delivery in this basin.